tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-15228378646420784242024-03-19T16:39:04.810+05:30Development for YouSocial and economic development of underdeveloped & developing countries bringing about an equitable growth eradicating the poverty, hunger, malnutrition, illiteracy and providing the poor better livelihood options...Abhishek Kumar Sadhuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12076702746137570968noreply@blogger.comBlogger9113tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1522837864642078424.post-71990762008313251152015-12-02T09:16:00.000+05:302015-12-02T09:27:50.416+05:30PRECISION FARMING<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">New agricultural technologies are need of time and to address the crisis of
agriculture. PF is one of them that incorporate various modern ways to address
the issue.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri\,Bold"; mso-bidi-language: OR;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri\,Bold"; mso-bidi-language: OR;">What is Precision Farming (PF)?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Precision farming (PF) or satellite farming or site specific crop
management (SSCM) is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring
and responding to inter and intra-field variability in crops. Crop variability
typically has both a spatial and temporal component which makes
statistical/computational treatments quite involved. The holy grail of
precision agriculture research will be the ability to define a Decision Support
System (DSS) for whole farm management with the goal of optimizing returns on
inputs while preserving resources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri\,Bold"; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Precision farming aims to optimize field-level management
with regard to:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Crop science: by matching farming practices more closely
to crop needs (e.g. fertilizer inputs);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Environmental protection: by reducing environmental risks
and footprint of farming (e.g. limiting leaching of nitrogen);<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Economics: by boosting competitiveness through more
efficient practices (e.g. improved management of fertilizer usage and other
inputs).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri\,Bold"; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Precision farming also provides farmers with a wealth of
information to:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Build up a record of their farm;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Improve decision-making;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Foster greater traceability<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Enhance marketing of farm products<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Improve lease arrangements and relationship with
landlords<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Enhance the inherent quality of farm products (e.g.
protein level in bread-flour wheat)<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;"><br /></span></div>
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<br />
<a name='more'></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri\,Bold"; mso-bidi-language: OR;">West Scenario<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Originating in US and European countries where farms are
generally big (over 100 hectares), it sees extensive use of Global Positioning
Satellite (GPS) for precise mapping of farms and - with appropriate software -
informs the farmer about status of his crop and which part of the farm requires
inputs like water, fertilizer and pesticide etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">PA in western countries is also characterized by
increased mechanization with the use of heavy farm machinery (average power
100-200 kW) for all the farm and field operations such as sowing, harvesting,
weeding, baling etc. The machinery runs on fossil fuels and uses about 63
percent of the total energy used in farming - a significant amount.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Similarly drones are being used quite regularly in Japan
and US for insecticide application to the crops. Use of drones for agriculture
is proverbial "turning swords into ploughs. Most of these robotic machines
and drones are small in size and hence are very suitable and excellent match
for small farm applications. Thus small farms size of India is a blessing in
disguise and ripe for large scale application of precision agriculture.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">PA in US and other countries has shown tremendous
increase in productivity, lowering of inputs and hence increased remuneration
to the farmers. Besides it has helped improve the quality of land with no-till
farming and less water usage. Similar things are possible in India with its
use.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri\,Bold"; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Indian scenario<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Wealth and security of the country comes from its land
and hence what is needed is sustainable, high-tech and high productivity
agriculture which will be remunerative and help provide both food and energy
security. Precision agriculture, which can provide precise inputs like water,
fertilizer, insecticides at the right time to crops, can help bring in the next
green revolution.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">In the existing agricultural scenario, India is
characterized by small farms with around 80 percent of total holdings less than
2 hectares (5 acres) and land mostly rain-fed with only 30 percent irrigated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Around 55 percent of the Indian population depends on
farming, as against less than 4 percent in US and other advanced economies,
because of heavy mechanization of agriculture. Because of poor availability of
funds, farm inputs, poor support price structure for the produce and almost no
farm insurance, farming in India is non-remunerative and 50 percent of farmers
are in debt - the main reason for a large number of suicides.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">India, though one of the biggest producers of
agricultural products, has very low farm productivity, with the average only 33
percent of the best farms world over. This needs to be increased so that
farmers can get more remuneration from the same piece of land with less labour.
Precision agriculture (PA) may provide a way to do it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">For small farms, precision agriculture may include
sub-surface drip irrigation for precise water and fertilizer application to the
crops and robots for no-till sowing, weed removal, harvesting and other farming
operations. Some of these robots are already being used on small farms in US
and Europe and with vigorous R&D taking place, it is expected that they may
be deployed in large scale in near future.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Calibri\,Bold"; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Constraints and solutions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">The biggest criticism of mechanized agriculture is that
farm machinery is very costly and no farmer, including big ones, can afford it.
Since precision agriculture is going to be very dependent on mechanization,
this criticism is presently justified.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">However the mechanization and PA may give rise in a big
way to farm machinery leasing agencies in rural areas. These companies will
lease the mechanized equipment, including drip irrigation systems, to the
farmers and also provide trained manpower to run these machines.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Such a thing already exists on limited scale in India
where few agencies do the wheat harvesting using combines and spraying of
crops. They charge the farmers on per hour basis and with theunavailability of
farm labour, farmers find this concept economical and attractive.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">In western Maharashtra, more and more farmers are
depending on mechanization offered by such agencies. With increasing demand
these leasing enterprises will increase and as PA develops and increases, they
will get more structured, so that just like private taxi companies, they will
be available on demand.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">It is also envisaged that these leasing companies may
form the backbone of Indian agriculture by providing the necessary advice and
manpower to the farmers on precision agriculture.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Critics of mechanization also contend that by timely
sowing of crops and applying proper and recommended water and fertilizer to it,
a farmer can easily improve the productivity of crops and his income. However
application of inputs at proper time requires timely availability of labour,
water and fertilizer - all of which are becoming scarcer and scarcer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Besides majority of farms are rain-fed and with the
change of weather patterns, availability of rain water is very unpredictable.
Hence the non-availability of inputs and labour on time is the biggest
stumbling block to increase productivity of farms and remuneration. PA can help
in this matter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">The ultimate role of a farmer should be to identify
better crops, use that seed to propagate it further and hence in effect become
a breeder of sorts. Progressive farmers already do that and with more time
available to them because of PA they may be able to help Indian agriculture to
produce better and higher yielding varieties.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Also the mechanization will make the farming glamorous
and may attract more people to take up farming in a big way. The most important
component in taking PA forward will be in creating a huge resource of
engineers, scientists and agriculturists to develop various components of the
technology.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Without excellent manpower and consequently good R&D,
PA will not succeed. One of the misfortunes of Indian education system is that
all the good students want to get into engineering and medical streams and only
the leftover students go into agriculture.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">There is a need for excellent engineers from institutions
like IITs, NITs, etc. to design machinery like robots and drones for PA. This
can be facilitated by establishing a new branch of engineering called
agricultural mechanotrics or robotics where faculty and students from almost
all branches of engineering will interact and collaborate to develop smart
systems for PA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Another way forward is when scientists from ICAR institutes,
engineers from academic world, industry and farmers work together in developing
PA.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">PA may provide a platform for industrial corporate social
responsibility (CSR) activity. After all helping the rural poor improve their
livelihood through high tech farming should qualify as a CSR activity. The
Indian government can facilitate in this process by giving soft loans and sops
to the industry so that they get more engaged in agriculture and PA activities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">High tech PA therefore can help in bringing next green
revolution to India and can produce tremendous rural wealth in a sustainable
and environmentally sound way.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-language: OR; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;">Farmers and farms are the backbone of any country since
they can produce food, fuel (agricultural residues) and wealth from the land.
They should be helped by all members of society and developing PA is a step in
the right direction.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: OR;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
Abhishek Kumar Sadhuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12076702746137570968noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1522837864642078424.post-74058474552779772832015-06-22T22:41:00.000+05:302015-06-22T23:02:26.000+05:30OPEN COURSE WARE WEBSITES<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">OPEN COURSE WARE WEBSITES<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Open
course ware is </span></b><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> a new movement among
the academic communities where schools from around the world are providing free
lectures, lessons and other learning materials at absolutely no cost.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; color: #cc0066; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; color: #cc0066; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Open course ware is
an initiative in which hundreds of Universities and colleges from many
countries have agreed to make their course ware (education materials)
accessible to everyone, anytime via the internet for free. Open course ware can
be used to achieve specific learning goals or recognised formal qualifications.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<b><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">BEST OPEN COURSE WARE WEBSITES FOR FREE EDUCATION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><a href="http://www.pce.uw.edu/online/free-courses/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--></a><b><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.pce.uw.edu/online/free-courses/" target="_blank">UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 18.75pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; vertical-align: top;">
<b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Free Online Courses From the University
of Washington<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The University of Washington has been a leader in online
education for more than a decade, delivering courses and programs over the
Internet since 2001. Part of that legacy of leadership includes offering a
selection of online courses for free to anyone who wants to expand their world
through higher education.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
The UW currently provides free online courses through a variety of services,
including popular online learning platforms such as the Canvas Network,
Coursera and edX. Many of these courses are based on popular classes offered by
UW degree and certificate programs, both online and in person.</span><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><a href="http://online-learning.harvard.edu/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--></a><b><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://online-learning.harvard.edu/" target="_blank">HARVARD UNIVERSITY ONLINE LEARNING</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Here you find free online courses and a wide range of related learning
content from across Harvard’s school, initiatives and programmes.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">So explore Harvard’s extensive, world-class online learning
opportunities and follow your intellectual curiosity. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--></a><b><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm" target="_blank">MIT OPEN COURSEWARE</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">At the MIT Open Courseware site, you'll find a syllabus, various
readings, lecture notes, assignments and more. You can download course
materials at no cost. It's a fantastic service, with courses covering biology,
political science, music, economics and much more. The courseware that you'll
find on this site goes beyond the basic video content most other open
courseware sites offer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><a href="http://oyc.yale.edu/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--></a><b><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://oyc.yale.edu/" target="_blank">OPEN YALE COURSES</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Yale University also offers open course work at its website known as
“Open Yale Courses”. On this site you can explore history, chemistry,
Astronomy, and many other subjects. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In Open Yale you can download course materials. You can work through
these courses just like you were sitting in the class room. There are few
opportunity in the world where you can obtain a free education and this is one
of those. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><a href="https://www.blogger.com/goog_1408387877"><b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--></a><b><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.caltech.edu/">CALTECH.EDU</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Caltech offers a website called "streaming theatre" where
you'll find a variety of talks by professionals from the Caltech staff and
alumni.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><a href="http://open.umich.edu/"><b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--></a><b><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://open.umich.edu/">OPEN MICHIGAON</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<strong><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Kalinga; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Open.Michigan</span></strong><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;"> is a
University of Michigan initiative that enables faculty, students, and others to
share their educational resources and research with the global learning
community. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Open Michigan is set up as a resource for students and faculty to share
their own educational resources as well as the research they conduct at the
University.<span class="apple-converted-space"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span class="apple-converted-space"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">At Open Michigan, you'll not only find a whole collection of
downloadable course materials, but you can also share your own research and materials,
or connect with other academics and researchers at the "U-M Open
Community".<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><a href="http://ocw.usu.edu/"><b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">7.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--></a><b><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://ocw.usu.edu/">UTAH STATE OPEN COURSE WARE</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Another university that offer open courseware is Utah State University.
Utah State University offers listing for free courseware under Biology, Human
Development, Physics, Psychology, and much more. You will find an amazing
variety of downloadable materials and learning opportunities here. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">This is also a good place to find other open course ware sites, since
the Utah State page lists some of the OCW resources of like Johns Hopkin, Japan
OCW alliance and Notre Dame.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #000099; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><a href="http://www.open.edu/openlearn/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">8.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--></a><b><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.open.edu/openlearn/" target="_blank">THE OPEN UNIVERSITY</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Open Learn from Open University – The Home for Free Learning<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">This OPEN LEARN is a UK based site offering the Open University. It is a
large library of educational material and well worth the time to explore the
site to know about subjects of all categories- Health, Psychology, Education,
Art, Language, Nature & Environment, Science, Math and Technology..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><a href="http://www.oeconsortium.org/" target="_blank"><b><span style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana;">9.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--></a><b><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="http://www.oeconsortium.org/" target="_blank">OPEN EDUCATION CONSORTIUM</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">A Global Network for Open Education-<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Open Education Consortium encompasses resources, tools and practices
that employ a frame work of open sharing to improve educational access and
effectiveness worldwide. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Open education combines the traditions of knowledge sharing and creation
with 21<sup>st</sup> century technology to create a vast pool of openly shared
educational resources, while harnessing today’s collaborative spirit to develop
educational approaches that are more responsive to learners needs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #cc0066; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">SO LEARN THE FREE COURSES OF YOUR INTEREST AND SHARE YOUR EXPERIENCE
HERE IN THIS PAGE FOR OTHERS…</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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Abhishek Kumar Sadhuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12076702746137570968noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1522837864642078424.post-79071047538333879762015-04-26T19:22:00.000+05:302017-03-07T11:05:10.745+05:30EXPOSURE CHANGE MY DAUGHETR’S LIFE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 19.0pt; line-height: 115%;">EXPOSURE CHANGED MY DAUGHTER’S LIFE</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;">People say in this modern
time<b> ‘<i>Information is a powerful weapon’</i></b> but I would add that
information is such a weapon which can bring smile on anybody’s face, it can
change a human mind, thought and even body! It has happened in one girl’s life,
named <b>Kiabati Jadia</b> of Digiribandha village.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;">In the month of September, 2014
with the support from Gram Vikas, Bafla project about 15 farmers came to an
exposure visit to our Harsha Trust, Bissamcuttack project villages. The main
objective of the exposure was to see the <i>Wadi(Fruit
Orchard)</i> and vegetable intervention. From <b>Gram Vikas, Bighneswar Panda</b>,
Senior Supervisor was accompanying the team. During the field visit the team
visited Wadi (mango & cashew) field, inter cropping in wadi field,
vegetable cultivation through trellis and vegetable cultivation through drip
irrigation system. During the evening session with the farmer a small
interaction session was organized at Harsha Trust Training hall premises and from
Harsha Trust, as team leader I too was presiding the session. While they were there,
farmers and Gram Vikas staff appreciated good interventions implemented by us.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;">While some people may
skeptically believe that exposure means merry making and only a picnic visit to
some of the places but this is not true because exposure can also trigger change
in human mind, thinking and inspire one to be a good human being. As it turned
out, one farmer Dhanapati Jadia father of Kaibati was one of the landless farmers
of the village under Gopinathpur G.P of Thuamul Rampur block of Kalahandi
district, who had come as part of exposure team. He is father of two more sons
and his old parents also stay with him.</span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><b>Kiabati Jadia Before Cleft Operation</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdb0EtIojmeh6bq1QNgg6_bJXk55WGLZITEyrgpd0umHRrsiX672aud-Vfr8yr_IunJFxo6PLKTuA7MA438QUBRZmagmVqbihN-nPQ8YH4ovRB3Rks2cAFx3rediThLPCPd6m2DNYKRKw/s1600/Before+Cleft.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdb0EtIojmeh6bq1QNgg6_bJXk55WGLZITEyrgpd0umHRrsiX672aud-Vfr8yr_IunJFxo6PLKTuA7MA438QUBRZmagmVqbihN-nPQ8YH4ovRB3Rks2cAFx3rediThLPCPd6m2DNYKRKw/s1600/Before+Cleft.jpg" width="293" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><b style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 15.3333330154419px;">Kiabati Jadia After Cleft Operation</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqV9qpeZmtIKOo3rloRBptRjcZTEVSRps0_Cok-K1W2EmnTMRFzgXSUqamSnckRHL7kHi_4AGft-_SfnFM0pIE6s1h9cApT3X_K-55gpS_GF-KdINfKZn826kUHXygVh1FJKLxkeBpg10/s1600/After+Cleft.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqV9qpeZmtIKOo3rloRBptRjcZTEVSRps0_Cok-K1W2EmnTMRFzgXSUqamSnckRHL7kHi_4AGft-_SfnFM0pIE6s1h9cApT3X_K-55gpS_GF-KdINfKZn826kUHXygVh1FJKLxkeBpg10/s1600/After+Cleft.jpg" width="288" /></a></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;">During this Gram Vikas Bafla
Team field visit and small interaction, Dhanapati came to know that Harsha
Trust also facilitates the surgical operation for cleft lip patients by seeing
some of the photographs stapled in the photo gallery in office. He felt very
curious and interested to know how Harsha Trust is supporting the work. He was
so interested because his daughter was suffering from that same congenial
deformity. At that time he took my contact number then after one month I called
Gram Vikas to know about his well being. Through series of engagements one day was
fixed for the surgical operation on his daughter at Jharsuguda TRLK Hospital. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;">Now ……… months after the
operation her daughter feels very confident about herself as beautiful smile is
back on her face. Those who used to tease her during the school, during bath and
social functions now feel guilty of their actions. Series of visitors including
neighbors and distant relatives now come to see her face and appreciate the
initiative taken by Harsha Trust.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;"> She emotionally replied that, <b><i>“Harsha
Trust and Gram Vikas staff gifted me a new life and I will never forget their
contribution to me and my family”</i></b> as she saw all people around her
appreciating her smile. Now her father and mother, Sunamani Jadia, express
their gratitude because they can marry their daughter to anybody without fear,
hesitation or shame. As a result of that Dhanapati Jadia now wants the smile back
on more faces in his area. He wants to help those who have similar congenial
condition in their life causing shame and loss of confidence. Thus, I believe <b>a
simple exposure can also change a life of anyone</b>, when one can access right
information and guidance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;">Harsha Trust</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;"> not only does <i>Wadi</i> and
livelihood promotion, but also does a lot of work which is not ‘visible’ or could
not be assessed in terms of physical or financial impact. Some achievements
should be measured by humane aspect as well. Nowadays almost all Civil Society
Organisations do the work for the down trodden people, for the improvement of their
education system, their financial condition and health status. It is highly
essential and they rightly do it, but on the other hand I feel, we often forget
how some little support to most vulnerable people would have greater impact in
their lives. This happened with Kiabati, daughter of Dhanapati and this is
happening with lots of other whom we care for. Rarely, there are organizations like
Harsha Trust who realize that bringing smile to faces is as important in the
well being of the poor by assisting those who are suffering from congenial deformity
called <b>cleft lip</b><b>.</b></span><br />
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #000099; font-family: "verdana" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 150%;"><b style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #cc0066;">By : Sarat Kumar
Sahoo, </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #cc0066; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">Team Leader at Bissam
Cuttak, Harsha Trust</span> <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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Abhishek Kumar Sadhuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12076702746137570968noreply@blogger.com0